Friedrich Merz, who is on course to become post-World War II Germany’s 10th chancellor after the country’s election, has vowed to prioritize European unity and the continent’s security as it grapples with the new Trump administration and Russia’s war on Ukraine.
Pulling a divided Europe together won’t be easy when many leaders are too preoccupied by domestic issues to devote much energy to answer the continent’s most pressing problems. But expectations will be high for Merz to help fill a leadership vacuum and craft a united response to recent U.S. policy shifts that have strained the trans-Atlantic alliance.
“All the signals we are getting from the USA indicate that interest in Europe is clearly waning and that the willingness to get involved in Europe is decreasing,” Merz told reporters at a press conference on Monday.
“Nevertheless, I hope that we can convince the Americans that it is in our mutual interest that we continue to have good trans-Atlantic relations.”
Merz’s task will be complicated by the need to form a coalition with the center-left Social Democrats of outgoing Chancellor Olaf Scholz. He has repeatedly pledged to not work with the far-right anti-immigrant Alternative for Germany party despite their second-place finish, the AfD’s best result in a national election since the far-right party was founded just 12 years ago.
The 69-year-old conservative leader heads the center-right Union bloc, which won Germany’s national election with 28.5% of the votes.
“I am also aware of the scale of the task that now lies ahead of us,” he told supporters after his victory Sunday night. “The world out there isn’t waiting for us, and it isn’t waiting for long-drawn-out coalition talks and negotiations.”
The top job has been late in coming for Merz, a lawyer by profession, who saw his ascent derailed by former Chancellor Angela Merkel in the early 2000s and even turned his back on active politics for several years. Despite his political experience, he is heading to the chancellery without previously having served in the federal government.
Merkel has described Merz as a brilliant speaker and complimented his desire for leadership, though she acknowledged this was a problem in their relationship.
“We are almost the same age … We grew up completely differently, which was more of an opportunity than an obstacle,” she wrote in her memoir “Freedom.”
“But there was one problem, right from the start: We both wanted to be the boss,” she said.
Merkel moved to consolidate her grip on Germany’s center-right after the Union narrowly lost a national election in 2002. She pushed Merz aside as leader of its parliamentary group, taking the job herself in addition to the leadership of the Christian Democratic Union party she already held. She went on to lead Germany from 2005 to 2021.
Merz turned his back on active politics for several years after leaving the parliament in 2009.
Maja Hitij/Getty Images
He practiced law and headed the supervisory board of investment manager BlackRock’s German branch. During that break, he often travelled for business to the United States and China, though he never lived outside Germany.
“Friedrich Merz is perhaps the most international chancellor Germany has had since the war — if he becomes chancellor,” said Volker Resing, who wrote the recently published biography “Friedrich Merz: His Path to Power.”
Merz “relies on personal initiative, on the freedom of the individual, on creativity and motivation. And only secondarily on the state,” Resing said.
Merz launched his political comeback after Merkel stepped down as CDU leader in 2018 and announced that she wouldn’t seek a fifth term of chancellor. However, he was narrowly defeated by centrist candidates more in Merkel’s mold in party leadership votes in 2018 and early 2021.
Merz persisted and was elected party leader in the third attempt, after the center-right’s defeat by current Chancellor Olaf Scholz in Germany’s 2021 election. Merz cemented his power by also becoming the leader of the Union’s parliamentary group.
According to Resing, Merz’s “way of doing politics” is not to avoid confrontation at all costs. Instead, he maintains a perspective that “a certain amount of provocation can set off a real debate and perhaps a real development in motion.”
During the election campaign, Merz has vowed to make Germany’s ailing economy strong again and curb irregular migration.
With President Trump back in the White House and tensions rising over how to resolve the war in Ukraine, Merz, who has long supported a strong trans-Atlantic relationship, said after his victory that his top priority is to unify Europe in the face of challenges coming from the United States and Russia.
“I have no illusions at all about what is happening from America,” he told supporters. “We are under such massive pressure … my absolute priority now is really to create unity in Europe.”
Merz will be under pressure to help solve some of Europe’s most urgent problems, according to Wolfgang Merkel, a political analyst from the WBZ Berlin Social Science Center, but “we shouldn’t expect to hear one voice out of Brussels.”
“The interests are so different within the European Union, including the political majorities, that we shouldn’t expect a resounding common EU policy,” he said and added that it will likely “be the usual game of muddling through.”
Merz put toughening Germany’s immigration laws at the forefront of the election campaign after a migrant killed two people in a knife attack in the Bavarian city of Aschaffenburg last month.
He brought a nonbinding motion before the parliament, calling for many more migrants to be turned back at Germany’s borders. The motion was narrowly approved thanks to votes from the far-right AfD party.
That prompted his opponents to accuse Merz of breaking a taboo in allegedly working with the AfD, and a public rebuke from Merkel. Critics pointed to the episode as an illustration of what they say is Merz’s tendency to impulsiveness.
Since then, hundreds of thousands have taken to the streets to protest against both Merz’s motion and also the rise of the far right, like the AfD, which has been placed under surveillance for suspected extremism by German intelligence.
During the campaign, the AfD’s leader, Alice Weidel, pledged to carry out the mass deportation of immigrants, outraging many Germans.
“We know what happened in Germany in the ’30s, and it feels a bit like this is happening again, and this makes me really afraid of the future,” one protester in Berlin said.
Merz has insisted he did nothing wrong and never worked with AfD, and also repeatedly vowed to never work with the party if he becomes chancellor.
Merz represents his rural region in Germany’s parliament — an area where people are “rather down-to-earth, perhaps a little reserved,” Resing said. “That’s what shaped him: rural life.”
As a politician, Merz has always championed conservative values and stressed the importance of family.
He met his wife Charlotte, who is now a judge, while he was studying law. The couple have three adult children.
Merz joined the CDU in 1972 and was elected to the European Parliament in 1989. He first joined the German parliament in 1994.
A pilot openly passionate about his hobby, Merz sometimes flies his own small plane from his home in the Sauerland region in western Germany to Berlin early on Monday mornings.
He has stuck to flying, despite the long hours imposed by his job as opposition leader and occasional criticism that he is indulging in a rich man’s hobby.
“When you talk to him about flying, his eyes light up,” Resing said. “He says that when you’re above the clouds, that’s freedom.”
contributed to this report.
